Taxa de câmbio euro-dollar

Taxa de câmbio efetivo real e nominal do real brasileiro contra o dólar americano

Dólar continua baixar

Dollar Declines to 15-Year Low Versus Yen on Bets Fed Will Buy More Debt

By Catarina Saraiva and Keith Jenkins - Oct 14, 2010 11:23 AM GMT-0300

The dollar fell below 81 yen for the first time since April 1995 as initial jobless claims rose and the trade deficit widened, adding to speculation U.S. efforts to ease monetary policy will erode the value of the currency.
Greenback losses deepened earlier after Singapore allowed appreciation in its currency to control inflation, pulling back from an effort to stem gains. Australia’s dollar rose to a record and Canada’s dollar reached parity for the first time since April as investors sought the currencies of nations with higher-returning assets.
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Ponto de reflexão: Identifique as causas da fraqueza do dólar

Peso mexicano

Mexico’s peso rose to the strongest level since May after a report showed industrial production gained more than forecast, signaling the economic recovery won’t stall.
The peso advanced 0.2 percent to 12.3839 per dollar at 5 p.m. New York time, the strongest since May 12, from 12.4047 yesterday. The currency has risen 5.7 percent this year against the dollar.
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O sistema monetário e financeiro internacional em debate

Group of 20 leaders meeting next month ought to discuss a plan to strengthen undervalued currencies, similar to the Plaza Accord in 1985, Harvard University historian Niall Ferguson said.
“The real currency war is actually between Chimerica -- China plus America -- and the rest of the world,” Ferguson said in an interview at the World Knowledge Forum in Seoul. “It would be much better to have some kind of Plaza-like international agreement and I very much hope that at the G-20 summit in Seoul next month this will be No.1 on the agenda.”
The Plaza Agreement reached in 1985 prompted a decline in the U.S. dollar against its Japanese and German counterparts.
Brazilian Finance Minister Guido Mantega said last month that a “currency war” was under way, in which economies are weakening currencies to support exports. At an International Monetary Fund meeting this month in Washington, finance chiefs failed to narrow differences over currencies, with China accused of undervaluing the yuan and low U.S. interest rates criticized for flooding emerging markets with cash.
“Currency appreciation is necessary,” Ferguson said in the interview late yesterday. “If you insist on building up a vast horde or dollar-denominated reserves you will create distortions in the world economy that will ultimately come back and bite you.”
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Ponto de reflexão: Identifique os pontos principais da debate.

Portal de bolsas para estudar na Europa

http://www.scholarshipportal.eu/

"Currency war"

-- Global governments called on the International Monetary Fund to calm the recent outbreak of tensions over currencies, which they warned risk triggering a protectionist backlash
Officials including U.S. Treasury Secretary Timothy F. Geithner and Brazilian Finance Minister Guido Mantega said the lender should help formulate initiatives on how countries can expand their economies without damaging those of other nations. The institution has called on most developed economies to boost exports while urging some emerging markets to step up domestic consumption and let their currencies appreciate.--
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Conceitos de estudar para a prova I - 8 de Outubro

-  Definição do "capitalismo global"
- definição de "nova economia"
- definiçaõ "países emergentes" e "BRICs"
- NAFTA - e outros acordos comerciais
- entender como a "Guerra Fria" impactou o sistema monetário internacional de esta época
- a crise mundial 1914-1945 no contexto históric
- fatores que explicam a rápida recuperação pós-guerra na Europa Ocidental e Japão
- Bretton Woods - FMI - Gatt - Banco Mundial - OMC - G7/G8 - G20
- os "novos players"
- integração econômica e monetária, "Globalização" e "Globophobia"
- relação entre comèrcio internacional e produçaõ global
- papel do IDE
- divisão do comércio mundial - posição de América Latina vs. Ásia
- globalização e tecnologia
- fatores que explicam o deslocamento global do poder econômico
- os "quatro tigres" vs. a desempenho de outro PMDs
- a "Grande China"
- a revolução demográfica
- o novo regionalismo
- Sistema Bretton Woods (SBM) - orígem, organização, mecanismos, problemas, ascenção e declínio
- liderança do Estados Unidos
- fatores do sucesso econômico do pós-guerra
- Sistema monetário de taxas de câmbio fixas
- padrão ouro como modelo para o SBW
- o que significa "privilégios extravagantes" no contexto do SBW?
- o que signifia "senhoriagem" no contexto do SBW?
- "Rodada de negociações comerciais"
- tarifas, protecionismo, "novo protecionismo"
- relação entre SBW e GATT
- desequilibrios no SBW
- estagflação
- taxas de câmbio flexiveis
- Sistema Monetário Europeu
- o novo "Não-Sistema" do Sistema Monetário Inernacaional
- "desvinculação" do sistema monetário internacional do padrão ouro
- volatilidade cambial
- a crise do petróleo
- o declínio da produtividade
- revolução financeira - globalização financeira - eurodollar
- debate Keynesianismo - Monetarismo - papel dos bancos centrais
- crise da dívida dos PMDs
 - "empréstimos soberanos"
Fontes principais dos estudos:
Robert Gilpin: O Desafia do Capitalismo Global. A Economia Mundial no Século XXI
Paulo Sandroni: Novíssimo Dicionário de Economia
Recursos adicionias neste blog
Recursos adicionais no site "The Global Economy" 
veja tambem Aulas Online
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Para perguntas, discussões e sugestões entre no "Comments" abaixo

veja também as postagens recentes neste blog das controvérsias sobre as regras e o regime do sistema monetário e financeiro inernacional da atualidade. 

Bretton Woods II em crise

Tems uma escalação da briga sobre os regimes de taxa de câmbio:

Treasury Secretary Timothy F. Geithner said a “damaging dynamic” of large economies keeping their currencies undervalued can cause inflation and asset bubbles, and called on countries to coordinate their policies.
“More and more countries face stronger pressure to lean against the market forces pushing up the value of their currencies,” Geithner said in a speech today at the Brookings Institution in Washington. He said currencies are “inherently a multilateral issue. It’s much easier to solve if countries come together and do things to complement each other.”--
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Pontos de reflexão: qual é o problema central: as políticas o as regras? Quais são as deficiências centrais do sistema atual? Quais são as opcões e reforma. Se precisa um reforma parcial ou uma reforma completa?

Turbulência nos mercados

-- Brazilian Finance Minister Guido Mantega’s bid to stem gains in the real is hurting him in the bond market.
The yield on Brazil’s 10 percent securities due in 2021 surged 32 basis points this week, the biggest jump in four months, after Mantega said he may raise taxes on foreigners’ fixed-income investments to limit the supply of dollars in the currency market, according to data compiled by Bloomberg.
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Pontos de reflexão: ler e traduzir, tentar entender a conexão entre taxa de câmbio, taxa de juros, fluxos internacionais de capital e o valor de debentures brasileiros.